| 摘要: |
| 美国外资国家安全审查制度新设数据审查规则，围绕影响国家安全的敏感个人数据和特定领域的重要数据两大类审查事由实施。此种数据审查是基于国家安全新内涵呈现的法律安排。数据审查内容具有针对性，着重防止“受关注国家”获取敏感个人数据，并严密监控此类国家的数字产业发展，数据审查规则延续外资审查制度有针对性地运用于某些国家的特点。同时，数据审查程序具有裁量性，其裁量规则模糊泛化且带有主观倾向，致使投资者不易救济自身面临的审查结果。中国赴美投资企业应积极寻求应对之策：对于数据审查事由，做好主动合规，抑制数据审查的针对性；对于数据审查程序，反向利用审查制度的裁量空间，争取适用缓解措施；对于数据审查结果，可积极采用司法救济路径，综合保护自身权益。 |
| 关键词: 数据审查 敏感数据 外资国家安全审查 数据安全 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:福建省社科基金省法学会专项课题“私人主体参与数据治理的法律障碍及制度供给研究”(项目编号:FJ2021TWFB05)。 |
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| The Data Review in the U.S. National Security Review of Foreign Investment and China’s Response |
| BAO Ningzhen |
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| Abstract: |
| The U.S. National Security Review of Foreign Investment system has established new data review rules, which are implemented around two categories of review reasons: sensitive personal data that affects national security and important data in specific fields. Data review is a legal arrangement that responds to the new connotation of national security. The content of data review is targeted, focusing on preventing Countries Concerned from obtaining sensitive personal data, and closely monitoring the development of digital industries in such countries. The data review continues the targeted application of the foreign investment review system to certain countries. At the same time, there is a huge room of discretion when operating data review procedures, and the rules of restricting discretion are vague, generalized, and subjective, making it difficult for investors to seeking remedies. In this regard, Chinese investors investing in the United States should actively seek counter-measures: for data review reasons, taking proactive compliance measures to suppress the specificity of data review: for data review procedures, reverse utilizing the discretion of the review system and striving for mitigation measures; for data review results, judicial remedies can be actively adopted to comprehensively protect the rights and interests of enterprises. |
| Key words: data review sensitive data foreign national security review data security |
